Nature Medicine, Published online: 14 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04360-3
Antibiotic use over the past 8 years was associated with alterations in the gut microbiome composition in 14,979 individuals. These analyses integrated data from the Swedish National Prescribed Drug Register and stool metagenomic profiles. Alterations were found even after a single antibiotic course and varied markedly across different antibiotic classes.
